Module A. What markers expect

• Clear overview of the whole process or the main changes on the map
• Accurate sequence or spatial description
• Grouped details, not a list of tiny points
• Precise language, correct tense and passive forms where needed
• Logical paragraphing and cohesive links

Module B. Process Playbook

Goal: describe how something is made or how a cycle works.

Timing

• 45 seconds skim and sketch stages
• 3 minutes write intro and overview
• 10 minutes details by stage groups
• 1 minute check

Mini template

1. Intro: The diagram shows how X is produced / how the Y cycle operates.
2. Overview: Overall, the process has N stages, beginning with A and ending with B.
3. Details 1: Stages 1 to K with key actions and inputs.
4. Details 2: Stages K+1 to N and the final output.

Phrase bank

• Begins with, followed by, then, after that, subsequently, meanwhile, finally
• Is heated, is mixed, is filtered, is stored, is transported
• Liquid, vapor, paste, raw material, output, by product

Grammar focus

• Use present simple passive for man made steps: The mixture is heated.
• Use present simple active for natural cycles: Water evaporates, clouds form.
• No numbers unless shown. No reasons or opinions.

Level 1 outline example

• Overview: Six steps start with raw cocoa and end with chocolate bars.
• Details 1: Beans are harvested, fermented, and dried.
• Details 2: Dried beans are roasted, ground into liquor, then molded to bars.

Module C. Map Playbook

Goal: report location changes between two maps or describe layout.

Timing

• 45 seconds scan legends, directions, and period
• 3 minutes intro and overview
• 10 minutes grouped changes
• 1 minute check

Mini template

1. Intro: The maps compare X in year A and year B.
2. Overview: Overall, the area became more residential, with new transport links and fewer open spaces.
3. Details 1: Changes in the north or west side with landmarks.
4. Details 2: Changes in the south or east side plus access routes.

Spatial and change language

• To the north, on the eastern edge, in the center, along the river
• Replaced by, converted to, removed, expanded, added, relocated
• Path, roundabout, car park, housing estate, leisure center, footbridge

Tense rules

• Use past for dated changes. Use present for current layouts.

Level 1 outline example

• Overview: The village became a small town with new roads and housing, while farmland disappeared.
• Details 1: The northern field was replaced by a housing estate and a primary school.
• Details 2: A ring road and car park were added in the south, and the footpath was removed.

Module D. Quick Planner Cards

Process card

• Count stages
• Mark inputs, tools, outputs
• Group steps: preparation, transformation, finishing

Map card

• List three biggest changes
• Note directions and anchors
• Group by zones or functions

Module E. Cohesion Boosters

• Sequencing: first, next, subsequently, in the following stage, finally
• Contrast or change: in contrast, whereas, was replaced by, gave way to
• Location: adjacent to, opposite, at the corner of, across from

Module F. Common mistakes to avoid

• Writing reasons or advantages
• Copying labels word for word
• Describing every tiny arrow
• Mixing tenses
• Missing the overview

Module G. Level 1 Drills

5 minute process drill

1. Write a two sentence overview naming start and end.
2. List three stage groups.
3. Turn three active verbs into passive sentences.

5 minute map drill

1. Mark north, south, east, west.
2. Write a two sentence overview with one function change and one access change.
3. Write three sentences using replaced by, added, removed.

Module H. Ready to use frames

• Process intro: The diagram shows the steps involved in producing X.
• Process overview: Overall, there are N stages beginning with A and ending with B.
• Map intro: The maps illustrate changes in X between YEAR 1 and YEAR 2.
• Map overview: Overall, the area became more developed, with new facilities and altered transport links.

Module I. Two minute final check

• Overview present and clear
• Correct tense and passive where needed
• Logical groups instead of lists
• Accurate labels and directions
• 160 to 190 words, no opinions

Practice these steps for one week with short drills. Your Task 1 processes and maps will become faster, clearer, and more accurate.