Core Idea in 3 Moves

• Find the opener: broad context, definitions, aims, few pronouns.
• Chain the middle: old to new info, references this or these, examples, methods.
• Close cleanly: outcomes, evaluation, next steps, recommendations.

Coherence Signals You Can Trust

Reference anchors: this, these, such a, the approach, the team, the policy.
Lexical chains: heat island → shade → canopy → cooling.
Time and sequence: first, then, next, after, meanwhile, finally.
Cause and contrast: because, therefore, as a result, however, although, yet.
Scope shift: citywide → district → site, theory → method → result.

Position Tests

Opener test

• Stands alone, defines scope, minimal back references.
  Middle test
• First sentence points back, last sentence opens a hook.
  Closer test
• Summarizes or recommends, no new figures that demand proof.

A→B Link Checklist

• Backlink: Does B’s first sentence refer to a noun phrase from A
• Hook: Does A’s last line raise a need that B answers
• Term match: Same terms or clear synonyms carry over
• Order cues: Time markers or steps enforce sequence

Mini Set: Order the Paragraphs (A E C B D)

A
Many cities are investing in curbside trees to cut summer heat, but programs often fail because young trees die in the first year.

B
Within 12 months, canopy cover rose by 8 percent and watering costs fell by 20 percent, according to maintenance records.

C
To avoid losses, the trial shifted planting to the early monsoon and paired each tree with a two family watering rota.

D
Given the gains, the department plans to extend the approach to all wards next year.

E
Before planting, the team mapped the hottest streets and prioritized bus stops and school frontages.

Best order: A E C B D
Rationales

• A is opener: broad problem, no back reference.
• E follows A’s need with site selection.
• C explains the method after sites are chosen.
• B reports outcomes of that method.
• D closes with scale up.

8 Step Solve Routine

1. Skim all paragraphs, underline anchors and time words.
2. Pick a likely opener and closer.
3. Build a quick chain: opener → paragraph with strongest backlink.
4. Test each link with the A→B checklist.
5. Break ties with time or method to result logic.
6. Read the chain once for flow.
7. If a paragraph still floats, recheck its first noun phrase for a backlink.
8. Lock the order and move on.

Timing Targets

• First pass skim: 60 to 90 sec
• Build opener and closer: 30 sec
• Link testing per join: 15 to 20 sec
• Max per item: 3 to 4 min in practice

Rapid Drills

Drill 1: Opener Hunt
Pick 6 short paragraphs. Keep only those with zero pronouns in sentence one and a definition or aim.
Drill 2: Hook Builder
Write last lines that force a next step using therefore or to address this.
Drill 3: Chain Repair
Take a scrambled set, fix only the middle by matching reference anchors.

Error Log Codes

• OP = wrong opener
• BK = missing backlink
• TM = time order broken
• CC = cause chain broken
• EX = example mistaken for main step
• CL = wrong closer

Format: Set no | your order | correct | codes | fix note

Quick Reference Table

One Page Worksheet

• Opener guess: ____
• Closer guess: ____
• Chain notes: A→B reason, B→C reason, C→D reason
• Error codes after check: ____
• Next fix rule: ____

7 Day Coherence Plan

• Day 1: Opener and closer sorting on 5 sets.
• Day 2: Build chains using only reference anchors.
• Day 3: Add time and cause signals.
• Day 4: Mixed sets under full timing.
• Day 5: Error log review and targeted drills.
• Day 6: Two mini mocks, 10 items total.
• Day 7: Consolidate rules, rewrite three weak links.

Final reminder
Choose the opener with the widest scope, chain middles through clear backlinks, and close with outcomes or plans. Prove every join with a signal in the text. Coherence is a sequence of justified links, not guesswork.